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Introduction
This disease looks like a small growth that is localized in the milk duct. At the beginning of the disease, a woman may not feel any pain in her chest, but she must definitely notice discharge from the nipple.
With the development of the disease, pain and discomfort appear. You should not delay going to the mammologist when these symptoms appear, because the longer this moment is delayed, the more difficult the papilloma will be to treat.
What are papillary cystadenomas (cystadenopapillomas)?
Intraductal papilloma refers to benign neoplasms. It can be either single or multiple (in the latter case, the diagnosis is papillomatosis). This disease can develop in girls and women, regardless of age (from puberty to menopause), from the fact of childbirth and breastfeeding.
This type of papilloma can be a manifestation of fibrocystic mastopathy and it is localized both in both and in one breast. The cause of the appearance of intraductal papilloma of the breast is the human papillomavirus (HPV).
It is activated with weakened immunity, in the postoperative period, with hormonal failure and is often transmitted sexually from person to person (possibly also infection through household items, but only when infected cells enter).
Classification and types
Papillomas can develop in any part of the mammary gland where there are ducts. By localization, peripheral (distant from the areola), central (located near the nipples) and atypical (occur outside the lobule or duct) are distinguished.
Intraductal papilloma varies in size from 1 mm to 2 cm in diameter. There are several types of papilloma – single (easier to treat, rarely converted into malignant tumors) and multiple (may cause papillary breast cancer).
Reasons for development
The main common cause of the development of intraductal papillomas is hormonal failure, as well as diseases and conditions that provoke it.
Intraductal papilloma can occur during pregnancy, as the hormonal background changes (in this case, it will significantly complicate breastfeeding due to poor milk flow through the closed duct, and can cause lactostasis and mastitis). So, the causes of the development of the disease include:
- obesity;
- adnexitis;
- ovarian dysfunction;
- abortion;
- stress;
- uterine fibroids;
- dysfunction of the thyroid gland;
- hereditary predisposition.
Predisposing factors
First of all, hormonal failure occurs due to an improper lifestyle, so you should first put your diet in order, go in for sports and give up bad habits. After all, the factors that provoke the development of intraductal papilloma are:
- emotional overstrain;
- long-term use of hormonal drugs;
- alcohol abuse and smoking (especially during puberty);
- surgical intervention in the uterine cavity;
- lack of childbirth and breastfeeding;
- diffuse and nodular mastopathy.
Main symptoms
Early symptoms of the development of intraductal papilloma of the breast include discharge from the nipple. Their character is completely diverse, they can be transparent, white, greenish and bloody.
It is possible to recognize a papilloma by touch only if it is located in the central duct (it is a round elastic nodule that hurts when pressed). When the seal is squeezed, the discharge from the nipple becomes more abundant, and it itself decreases slightly. There may also be an increase in body temperature, general weakness and swelling of the outer tissues of the chest.
Diagnostic methods
Diagnosis of a neoplasm is carried out by a complex of the following procedures:
- Palpation of the mammary gland (performed by a mammologist, the woman at this moment stands in front of the doctor, throwing her arm behind her head from the side of the breast being examined).
- Mammography (shows tumor pathologies of the breast, their location and the amount of tissue affected).
- Cytological analysis of discharge from the nipple (with papillomas, papillary and blood cells will be present in the smear).
- Ultrasound of the breast (makes it possible to distinguish a cyst with fluid inside from a dense papilloma tissue).
- A blood test for tumor markers of breast cancer (shows the presence of malignant cells and metastasis).
- Haloctography (this is an x-ray contrast study, one of the types of mammography, helps to determine the nature of the neoplasm – whether it is benign or not).
Methods of treatment
Intraductal papilloma does not have the ability to resolve itself. Therefore, therapeutic measures are aimed at preventing the degeneration of cells into a malignant form, as well as preventing the development of the inflammatory process.
The main method of treatment is the surgical removal of papilloma, but drug therapy is also used (it is indicated to prevent relapse after excision of the neoplasm).
Medical therapy
It includes several types of drugs that are aimed at stabilizing various processes in the female body:
- correction of pathological processes in the mammary gland ( Indinol );
- stimulation of the immune system (Wobenzym);
- taking hormonal drugs (Utrozhestan, Duphaston);
- taking homeopathic medicines (Cyclodinone, Remens, Klimadinon);
- vitamin complexes (Vitrum prenatal forte, Elevit pronatal, Pregnavit, Complivit-mama);
- antibiotics to eliminate the inflammatory process (azithromycin).
Treatment with folk remedies
Papillomas in the chest are a precancerous condition, so traditional medicine is ineffective. They can only be used as an additional therapy, in combination with drug therapy and removal of neoplasms. Here are some traditional medicine recipes:
- Take an equal amount of mint, string, calendula, celandine and St. John’s wort. Pour them with a liter of boiling water, insist for an hour. Strain and drink a glass before meals – three times a day. This recipe is anti-inflammatory.
- Compress on the chest from red beets. It is necessary to grate 200 g of beets on a fine grater and heat in a water bath, add a couple of tablespoons of vinegar. Attach the mass to the chest, wrap with a warm scarf. This remedy relieves pain and swelling.
- Beets with honey (the action is similar to the previous recipe). Mix 3 parts of beetroot puree with one part of honey. Apply a compress.
Operation
The surgical method involves the excision of the affected area. To reduce trauma with this method (in the case of multiple lesions), the entire sector of the mammary gland is removed. After removal, a histological examination of the excised area is mandatory (the papilloma looks like a cyst, it is filled with liquid).
This is necessary to ensure the absence of malignant cells. The growths are removed not only with a scalpel, but also with a laser, or by electrocoagulation .
Special cosmetic sutures are applied to the areola area, the scars from which become almost invisible during healing. Anesthesia during the operation is often local and the intervention itself takes no more than half an hour.
Treatment prognosis
Since intraductal papilloma is a benign neoplasm, the prognosis for its treatment is favorable. A relapse can occur only in case of an unsuccessful operation (when not all affected areas were removed), or when a disease is detected at the last stage (if the cells have begun the process of degeneration into malignant ones).
Possible Complications
After removal of the papilloma, a rehabilitation period is indicated. It lasts from a week to a month. In the event of a recurrence of the tumor, a complete removal of the breast is performed. Complications after surgery can be in the form of:
- mental disorders and depression about the appearance of the breast;
- posture disorders;
- swelling of the outer and inner tissues of the mammary gland;
- poor healing and tightening of the scar (special gels and ointments are shown – Contractubex).
Additional plastic surgery is necessary only with a complete excision of the breast, with a partial one it is not required.
Price
The price of treatment includes a consultation with a specialist, diagnostics in the form of examinations and tests, as well as the operation itself. It will vary from clinic to clinic. Average prices in Russia:
- consultation with a mammologist will cost – 500-2000 r;
- nipple swab – 400–600 r;
- Breast ultrasound – 1500-2000 r;
- mammography – up to 2500 r;
- ductography – from 5000 to 9000 r;
- surgery (sectoral resection) – from 20,000 to 40,000 rubles;
- complete removal of the mammary gland – from 60,000 to 200,000 rubles.
Prevention of pathology
With a hereditary factor, there are no preventive measures against intraductal papilloma, with all other predisposing factors, lifestyle significantly affects the occurrence of pathology.
Therefore, you should lead a healthy lifestyle: eat right, play sports and give yourself moderate physical activity, carefully monitor “women’s” health. The main preventive measures are:
- visiting a gynecologist every six months;
- wearing comfortable underwear (the bra should not squeeze the chest and leave marks on it);
- avoiding stressful situations;
- taking drugs to restore hormonal balance (Remens);
- mammography – once a year;
- quitting smoking and alcohol;
- independent palpation and examination of the breast (instructions can be found on the Internet);
- timely treatment of diseases of the pelvic organs.
Conclusion
Modern medicine has reached a level ahead and involves the successful resolution of almost any health problem. The main thing is not to let the development of the disease take its course: at the slightest symptoms and suspicions, contact a specialist who will conduct an examination and prescribe competent treatment.
After all, intraductal papilloma is a dangerous disease if left untreated. Even in the case of surgery, the outcome is favorable, the sutures will be almost invisible and the shape of the breast will not be disturbed.
