A wart is a benign or malignant growth on the skin. It occurs against the background of infection with the human papillomavirus .
The growths may take the form of nodules and tubercles. When injured or improperly treated, a benign wart becomes malignant.
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Common causes of the formation of all types of warts on the body
There are many factors that can cause warts to develop. The exact cause depends on the type of growth. Most often they are formed due to the defeat of the human papillomavirus . It penetrates through wounds, abrasions and scratches on the skin.
It is quite easy to get infected with the papilloma virus. It is enough to shake the hand of an infected person or dry yourself with one towel. Infection can occur even in public transport. Some of the viruses are sexually transmitted.
The main reason for the defeat of the papillomavirus is the weakening of the body. The following factors contribute to this:
- hormonal imbalance;
- the presence of chronic diseases;
- physical exhaustion of the body;
- frequent stress;
- nervous strain;
- violation of metabolic processes.
The virus is activated in a warm and humid environment. Therefore, people suffering from excessive sweating often develop growths on the soles.
What are they: the main varieties and how to distinguish them?
Below we briefly consider the most common types of formations.
Ordinary (vulgar)
Common warts are flat growths . They are present in 4% of people. Such nodules on the skin have a diameter of 0.5-3 mm. Such formations do not differ in color from the rest of the skin.
Sometimes they take on a yellowish-brown hue. The growth has a rather dense structure and rises above the level of the skin. It doesn’t cause pain.
These warts have a smooth surface. Most often they affect the back of the hands and face. If such formations are not treated, then over time white spots will begin to form, which will turn into brown plaques. As a result of this process, they can cover the entire face.
They can be located on opposite sides of the line of the articular fold of the finger or skin folds, but at the same time have the same shape and size. Growths can pass in one place and form in another.
plantar and palmar
Palmar and plantar growths are called horny. They are present in 34% of young patients. Outwardly, they resemble dense plaques or nodules with a keratinized layer.
It is often confused with common corns. An important feature of this growth is the presence of red papillae. When walking, they can begin to hurt and bleed.
The reasons for the appearance of such formations:
- wearing uncomfortable and narrow shoes;
- lack of mittens in the cold season;
- wearing shoes made of rubber materials that do not allow air to pass through.
These factors interfere with normal blood circulation in the vessels and disrupt the overall blood flow. Such warts grow quite quickly and are very difficult to treat.
Filamentous (acrochords)
Acrochords are elongated. Their length can reach more than 10 mm. Most often, such formations are localized in the neck, face, hairline and skin folds.
A distinctive feature of filamentous growths is that they can affect neighboring areas and merge into one formation. After removal, relapses are possible.
This type of wart often occurs against the background of hormonal changes in the body:
- menopause;
- obesity;
- pregnancy;
- diabetes.
Often, filiform growths occur in young women who have been diagnosed with ovarian dysfunction and infantilism.
However, when injured, an inflammatory process may occur, which will lead to the spread of HPV to other areas of the skin.
In case of accidental detachment of the build-up, a new one grows in its place. Spontaneous disappearance is observed in rare cases. Sometimes keratinization and transformation into a cutaneous horn may occur.
Pointed papillomas or warts
Condylomata occur as a result of damage to low and high oncogenic strains of HPV. If the growth is damaged, the patient feels severe and pain, spotting is possible. Warts are easy to injure during intercourse or while moving.
Genital warts form on the following areas of the body:
- vagina;
- pubis;
- perinatal fold;
- urethra;
- glans penis.
Warts are pink. In appearance, the growth resembles a rooster’s comb or a cauliflower inflorescence.
They do not cause unpleasant symptoms and are quite difficult to diagnose on their own. They can be examined during a visit to the gynecologist with the help of mirrors or colposcopy.
The appearance of such a wart in an intimate place indicates the development of a precancerous condition. It is important to diagnose and remove the growth in a timely manner, otherwise there is a risk of developing a cancerous lesion.
Seborrheic keratomas (senile)
Seborrheic keratomas occur in older people. They may be black or dark brown in color. They occur in the trunk, neck and face. This is the only type of wart that is not provoked by the human papillomavirus.
Senile warts do not form on the soles and palms. Their sizes vary from 2 to 6 mm. They can be either single or multiple.
Most often, numerous senile keratomas occur in people who have a hereditary predisposition to this. Such growths grow rather slowly and are not subject to malignant transformation. Removal is carried out if indicated.
Flat (youthful)
Flat juvenile warts have a rounded shape. They are formed in foci of several pieces. Their sizes vary from 1 to 5 mm in diameter and 1-2 mm in height.
Such growths have a smooth surface, but at the same time the borders are irregular in shape. Most often they are localized in the following areas:
- face;
- back of the hand;
- ankle part;
- neck.
Very rarely, nodules form on the mucous membranes. They do not cause much discomfort. Causes of occurrence:
- weak immune system;
- increased sweating;
- severe irritation of the skin;
- stress;
- lack of vitamins;
- the presence of injuries, scratches and cuts.
Flat papilloma
In most cases, infection with the papillomavirus occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Due to multiple lesions, the child may feel discomfort, both aesthetically and psychologically.
Malignant
Most warts have a tendency to become malignant. There are a number of symptoms that should promptly see a doctor if they occur. These include the following clinical conditions:
- a sharp increase in the size of the growth;
- development of the inflammatory process;
- change in structure or contours;
- purulent processes;
- itching, pain;
- burning.
Such symptoms occur when the wart is injured or when it is illiterately affected by pharmacological and folk remedies.
In especially advanced cases, in addition to local symptoms, the patient feels general fatigue. He has a fever and swollen lymph nodes.
Only a doctor can determine the nature of education. In addition to visual inspection, tests are prescribed:
- dermatoscopy – the study of tissues under a microscope;
- PCR analysis – determining the type of virus and its concentration in the patient’s body;
- histological examination of tissues of the removed growth – diagnosis of the stage of the malignant process;
- cytological examination – performed with suspicion of cervical cancer.
In the presence of a malignant neoplasm, the doctor prescribes the removal of the formation. To maintain the body, immunostimulating drugs and antiviral drugs are prescribed.
In most cases, a wart is a benign growth that does not cause discomfort. With the development of the inflammatory process, pain or changes in the size of the growth, you should immediately consult a doctor. Remove papilloma, can only be a doctor and if there is evidence.
